1. Circuit Theory:

Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL;
circuit analysis methods: nodal analysis, mesh analysis;
basic network theorems and applications;
transient analysis: RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits; coupled circuits;balanced 3-phase circuits; Two-port networks.

2. Signals & Systems:

Representation of continuous time and discrete-time signals & systems;
LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations.
Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.

3. E.M. Theory:

Maxwell's equations, wave propagation in bounded media.
Boundary conditions, reflection and refraction of plane waves.
Transmission line: travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart.

4. Analog Electronics:

Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET.
Diode circuits: clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability.FET amplifiers. Current mirror;
Amplifiers: single and multi-stage, differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters;
sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for oscillation;single-transistor and OPAMP configurations.
Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Linear and switching power supplies.

5. Digital Electronics:

Boolean algebra; minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS).
Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders.
Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators.
Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).

6. Energy Conversion:

Principles of electromechanical energy conversion: Torque and emf in rotating machines.
DC machines: characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors;
Transformers: principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers.
3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines: characteristics and preformance analysis; speed control.

7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives:
Semiconductor power devices: diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET杝tatic characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters: fully-controlled and half-controlled;
principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DC-DC converters; Switch mode inverter;
basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor drives applications of variable-speed drives.

8. Analog Communication:

Random variables: continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statistical averages; probability models;
Random signals and noise: white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio.
Linear CW modulation:
Amplitude modulation: DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators;
Phase and Frequency modulation: PM & FM signals; narrowband FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis.
CW modulation system: Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers.

1. Control Systems:

Elements of control systems; block-diagram representation; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. Control system components.
LTI systems:
time-domain and transform-domain analysis.
Stability:
Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Bode-plots and polar plots, Nyquist’s criterion; Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable representation and analysis of control systems.

2. Microprocessors and Microcomputers:

PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register set, timing diagram, programming, interrupts, memoryinterfacing, I/O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.

3. Measurement and Instrumentation:

Error analysis; measurement of current, voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency;
bridge measurement. Signal conditioning circuit;
Electronic measuring instruments:
multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyzer, distortion-meter.
Transducers:
thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-gauge, piezo-electric crystal.

4. Power Systems:

Analysis and Control:
Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and distribution;
per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices;
load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetricalfaults.
Concept of system stability:
swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system.
Basic concepts of HVDC transmission.

5. Power System Protection:

Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection.
Concept of solid state relays. Circuit breakers.
Computer aided protection:
Introduction; line bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection.

6. Digital Communication:

Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation(DPCM), delta modulation (DM),
Digital modulation and demodulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK).
Error control coding: error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes. Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.