Answers must be written in Nepali.

Section-A

1. History of the origin and development of Nepali as one of the new Indo-Aryan Languages

2. Fundamentals of Nepali Grammar and phonology:
(i) Nominal forms and categories:- Gender, Number, Case, Adjectives, Pronouns, Avyayas
(ii) Verbal forms and categories- Tense, Aspects, Voice, Roots and Fixes
(iii) Nepali Swara and Vyanjana;

3. Major Dialects of Nepali

4. Standardisation and Modernisation of Nepali with special reference to language movements (viz. Halanta Bahiskar, Jharrovad etc.)

5. Teaching of Nepali language in India-Its history and development with special reference to its socio-cultural aspects.

Section-B

1. History of Nepali literature with special reference to its development in India.

2. Fundamental concepts and theories of literature :
Kavya/Sahitya, Kavya Prayojan, Literary genres, Shabda Shakti, Rasa, Alankara, Tragedy, Comedy, Aesthetics, Stylistics.

3. Major literary trends and movements- Swachchhandatavad, Yatharthavad, Astitwavad, Ayamik Movement, Contemporary Nepali writings, Postmodernism.

4. Nepali folklores (the following folk-form only)- Sawai, Jhyaurey, Selo, Sangini, Lahari.

Answers must be written in Nepali.

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed below and questions will be designed to test the candidate's critical acumen.

Section-A

1. Santa Jnandil Das- Udaya Lahari

2. Lekhnath Poudyal -Tarun Tapasi (Vishrams III, V, VI, XII, XV, XVIII only)

3. Agam Singh Giri -Jaleko Pratibimba : Royeko Pratidhwani (The following poems only-rasawako Chichy-ahat-sanga Byunjheko Ek Raat, Chhorolai, Jaleko Pratibimba : Royeko Prati-dhwani, Hamro Akashmani Pani Hunchha Ujyalo, Tihar).

4. Haribhakta Katuwal -Yo Zindagi Khai Ke Zindagi : (The following poems only - Jeevan : Ek Dristi, Yo Zindagi Khai Ke Zindagi, Akashka tara Ke Tara, Hamilai Nirdho Nasamjha, Khai Many-ata Yahan Atmahutiko Balidan Ko).

5. Balkrishna Sama -Prahlad

6. Manbahadur Mukhia -Andhyaroma Banchneharu (The following One-Act plays only-慉ndhyaroma Banchneharu�, 慡uskera�).

Section-B

1. Indra Sundas -Sahara

2. Lilbahadur Chhetri -Brahmaputrako Chheuchhau

3. Rupnarayan Sinha- Katha Navaratna (The following stories only-Biteka Kura, Jimmewari Kasko, Dhanamatiko Cinema-Swapna, Vidhwasta Jeevan).

4. Indrabahadur Rai- Vipana Katipaya (The following stories only-Raatbhari Huri Chalyo, Jayamaya Aphumatra Lekha-pani Aipugi, Bhagi, Ghosh Babu, Chhutyaiyo).

5. Sanu Lama -Katha Sampad (Thefollowing stories only-Swasni Manchhey, Khani Tarma Ekdin, Phurbale Gaun Chhadyo, Asinapo Manchhey).

6. Laxmi Prasad Devkota- Laxmi Nibandha Sangraha (The following essays only-Sri Ganeshaya Namah, Nepali Sahityako Itihasma Sarvashrestha Purus, Kalpana, Kala Ra Jeevan, Gadha Buddhiman Ki Guru?)

7. Ramkrishna Sharma -Das Gorkha (The following essays only-Kavi, Samaj Ra Sahitya, Sahityama Sapekshata, Sahityik Ruchiko Praudhata, Nepali Sahityako Pragati).